Driving is a significant part of independence for many people, and for those who use wheelchairs, modern technology has made it increasingly possible to get behind the wheel. While driving as a wheelchair user requires additional modifications, it is entirely feasible with the right equipment and setup. Here’s an overview of how people in wheelchairs drive and what options are available to help them do so safely and comfortably.
1. Modified Vehicles
Most people who use wheelchairs can drive with the help of modified vehicles. These modifications are tailored to the individual’s specific needs and can include a variety of adaptations to ensure safety and convenience. The vehicle’s standard controls—such as the steering wheel, brakes, and accelerator—can be altered to accommodate different levels of mobility.
2. Wheelchair Accessible Vehicles (WAVs)
A Wheelchair Accessible Vehicle (WAV) is a specially modified car, van, or minivan that allows a wheelchair user to either drive or be driven while remaining in their chair. WAVs are typically equipped with features like:
- Ramps or Lifts: These allow the wheelchair user to enter and exit the vehicle without needing to transfer out of the chair.
- Lowered Floors: Many WAVs feature a lowered floor to provide extra space for the wheelchair and ensure that the user can drive comfortably.
- Swivel Seats: For passengers who need to transfer from their chair, swivel seats can make entering and exiting the vehicle much easier.
3. Hand Controls
For drivers who cannot use their legs, hand controls are often installed to replace the traditional foot pedals. Hand controls allow the driver to operate the accelerator and brake using their hands. The most common types of hand controls are:
- Push/Right Angle Hand Controls: These are activated by pushing forward for the brake and pulling back for the accelerator.
- Pull/Push Hand Controls: These allow the user to pull back on the handle to accelerate and push forward to brake.
- Lever Hand Controls: This type allows the user to control both the brake and accelerator using a single lever.
These hand controls can be customized to suit the user’s strength and dexterity.
4. Steering Modifications
For some wheelchair users, steering the vehicle using a traditional steering wheel might not be possible. In these cases, modifications can be made to provide alternative ways to steer the vehicle. Some options include:
- Joystick Controls: Some drivers use a joystick instead of a steering wheel. The joystick is typically located in a position that’s more accessible to the driver, allowing them to control the steering, brakes, and acceleration.
- Spinner Knobs: These are installed on the steering wheel, allowing the driver to use one hand to steer. The knob helps improve grip and control.
5. Transfer Seats
In some cases, a transfer seat may be installed in the vehicle. These seats rotate or slide out to help the driver move from their wheelchair into the driver’s seat. This can be especially helpful if the driver cannot transfer directly from the wheelchair into the seat.
6. Voice-Activated Controls
To make driving even more accessible, some vehicles are equipped with voice-activated controls. These controls allow drivers to operate the vehicle’s navigation system, climate control, and even make calls without needing to use their hands.
7. Driving Lessons and Evaluation
Before getting behind the wheel, wheelchair users often undergo an evaluation with a driving rehabilitation specialist. This evaluation assesses the individual’s ability to drive safely with modifications. During the assessment, the specialist will test the driver’s reaction time, use of adaptive equipment, and overall safety. Once the evaluation is complete, the driver will typically receive tailored lessons on how to use the vehicle’s modifications.
8. Licensing and Legal Requirements
In most countries, people with disabilities who wish to drive must meet the same licensing requirements as other drivers. This means passing the written and practical driving tests. However, additional documentation may be required, especially if special modifications have been made to the vehicle. A doctor’s note or medical evaluation may be necessary to confirm the driver’s fitness to drive.
9. Safety Considerations
Safety is paramount when driving with a disability. In addition to the standard safety features, such as seat belts and airbags, wheelchair users may need extra modifications to ensure their safety. This could include:
- Wheelchair securement systems: These devices keep the wheelchair safely in place while the vehicle is in motion.
- Adjustable steering and pedal positions: Ensuring the driver can reach and control the vehicle’s functions with ease and comfort.
Conclusion
With the right modifications, people in wheelchairs can enjoy the freedom of driving, whether they choose to drive themselves or be driven. Adaptive technologies, such as hand controls, wheelchair accessible vehicles, and swivel seats, make it possible for individuals with mobility challenges to get behind the wheel. Working with a driving rehabilitation specialist and understanding the necessary modifications will ensure that the experience is both safe and enjoyable.
